Silvia Carrera Castro
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2660-9001
Ivannia Chinchilla Badilla
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-8740
Rocío Jiménez Mora
Viviana Gamboa Gámez
Hospital Nacional de Salud Mental Manuel Antonio Chapuí y Torres, San José, Costa Rica
Abstract
This research is aimed to identify the main characteristics (sociodemographics and clinics) of the population with history of psychological trauma registered as outpatients and inpatients by the members of Psychotrauma Unit of National Psyquiatric Hospital. This is particularly important, because of the variety of the trauma consequences in the life of the person, and also it will be associated with different symptoms and diagnosis (Van der Kolk, 2005; Carvalho et al., 2014; Castro-Fernández et al., 2015; Siegel, 2016; Diaz et al, 2017; Vitriol et al., 2017; Waikamp y Barcellos, 2018). It is a descriptive, observational transversal type research, based at 126 registers of routine and anonymous data base from May 2017 to May 2018.The variables were: sex, age, place of residence, diagnosis (CIE 10), Simple and Complex Trauma, Type of traumatic event, Main event report (from the patient ́s point of view). Data was processed by SPSS 17 (using measures of central tendency). The research identified the following characteristics at the population under study: 27% were children (boys and girls), 21,4% adolescents and 51.4% were adults, of which 64.3% were females and 35.7% men. The main province of residence was San José (84.1%) (main coverage area of the External Consultation Area of National Psychiatric Hospital). In relation to type of trauma: 14.3% reported Simple and 85.7% Complex trauma. The more important traumatic events were: psychological maltreatment (50.0%); sexual abuse (21.4%), physical abuse (7.9%) and death of someone (7.9%). The main Diagnosis were: Mood disorders (36.5%), Disorders of onset in childhood and adolescence (26.98%) and Neurotic and stress disorders (26.98%). It is concluded that women, children and adolescents are the main affected population by trauma. If the complex trauma was more reported, probably the population shows many and diverse consequences. Violence is the more important cause of trauma. This population addresses many diagnosis, but violence and trauma would be very important issues for evaluation, therapeutic intervention and community programs of prevention.
Keywords: Psychological Trauma, Violence, Children and Adolescents, Gender Issues, Psychopathology.
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