Referencing Guide

In Hispanic authors, add a hyphen between the two last names:

Most Hispanic population uses two last names. To not confuse one of them with the name, scientific publication has set the standard to add a hyphen between the two last names to make them appear as one last name and to distinguish them from the name.

The use of “et al.”:

Use “et al.” only on the second and following citations with three or more authors (use “et al.” in the first citation starting from six authors).

Payne et al. (1991) showed that…

Various authors in the body of the text:

Cite various authors

  1. In alphabetic order, and
  2. With a semicolon “;” between citations

Example:

Summaries of empirical research, however, have been conspicuously missing (e.g., Blatner, 1996, 2000; Clayton, 1993; Farmer, 1995; Fox, 1987; Goldman & Morrison, 1984; Holmes, 1992; Holmes & Karp, 1991; Holmes, Karp, & Watson, 1994; Kellermann, 1992; Kellermann & Hudgins, 2000; Kipper, 1986; Leviton, 1977; Roine, 1997; Starr, 1977; Sternberg & Garcia, 1989; Williams, 1989; Yablonsky, 1976).

Format to cite authors in the text:

  1. At the beginning of the sentence:

Example:

Wirth y Mitchell (1994) showed that…

  1. At the end of the sentence:

Example:

…gained appraisal of one’s successfulness as a person should be related to self-esteem and locus of control (Judge, Erez, & Bono, 1998).

  1. In the mid of the sentence:

Example:

The terms locus of control, LOC (Rotter, 1966) and self-efficacy (Bandura, 1986) are related to personal control expectancies.

Reproduce textual citation of less than 40 words within quotation marks in the following format:

  1. Most common:  The author at the beginning and the cited page at the end:

Example:

D’Amato and Dean (1988) wrote that “few empirical evaluations of the method have appeared since its introduction” (p. 305).

  1. Author and page at the end of the citation:

Example:

Kellermann (1982) offered the most positive view.  He stated that “psychodrama is a valid alternative to other therapeutic approaches, primarily in promoting behavior change with adjustment, antisocial and related disorders” (Kellermann, 1982, p. 467).

  1. Less common is to put the author and the cited page at the beginning of the citation:

Example:

Rawlinson’s (2000, p. 93) overall assessment was that “the level of evidence which would be required to present a strong case as a cost effective treatment for the range of mental health problems currently dealt with in other ways.”

Reproduce textual citations of more than 40 words as block quotation without quotation marks (indent the block from the left margin):

Kazdin (2011) considers

If child maltreatment is conceptualized as a problem of disadvantaged families with few resources, solutions will focus on providing early assistance to families at risk for maltreatment. If perpetration of maltreatment is viewed as criminal behavior or problems with the “perpetrator” personality, then laws, rights of victims, and punishment or rehabilitation of perpetrators might be emphasized (p. 172).

Prepare your reference list with hanging indent, and observe attentively the below use of capitalized letters, italics and punctuations.

To cite a book written in English:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of the Book. City, Country: Publisher.

Example:
Paloutzian, R. F. (1996). Invitation to the Psychology of Religion. Boston, USA: Allyn y Bacon.

To cite a Spanish book:
Author-Author, A. A. (year). Title of the book. City, Country: Publisher.

Example:
Echeburúa-Odriozola, E. (2000). Personalidades violentas. Madrid, España: Pirámide.

Prepare your reference list with hanging indent, and observe attentively the below use of capitalized letters, italics and punctuations.

To cite a chapter of an English book:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of the Chapter. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the Book (pages of the chapter: pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Publisher.

Example:
Shea, J. D. (1992). Religion and sexual adjustment. In J. F. Schumaker (Ed.), Religion and Mental Health (pp. 70-84). New York, USA: Oxford University Press.

To cite a chapter of a Spanish book:
Author-Author, A. A. & Author-Author, B. B. (year). Title of the chapter. In A. Editor-Editor, B. Editor Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pages of the chapter: pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Publisher.

Example:
Carrasco Chávez, E. y Sánchez-Aragón, R. (2008). Pensamiento y conducta ante la emoción de la felicidad. In R. Díaz Loving, S. Rivera Aragón, R. Sánchez-Aragón e I. Reyes Lagunes (Eds.), La Psicología social en México (pp. 413-420). México: AMEPSO.

To cite a periodical (published regularly, e.g., Scientific Journals), please observe attentively the below use of capitalized letters, italics, punctuations, and omission of space characters (between Volume and Number):To cite an article in an English Journal:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year, Month abbreviated). Title of the article. Journal Title, Volume(Number), pages of the article: pp-pp. doi: xxx; and if it is open access: Retrieved from http:linkExamples:
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995, Oct). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719Bigler, R. S. & Wright, Y. F. (2014, March). Reading, writing, arithmetic, and racism? Risks and benefits to teaching children about intergroup biases. Child Development Perspectives, 8(1), 18-23. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdep.12057/pdfTo cite an article of a Spanish Journal:
Author Author, A. A. & Author-Author, B. B. (Year, Month). Title of the article. Journal Title, Volume(Number), pages of the article: pp-pp. doi: xxx; and if it is open access: Retrieved from http:linkExample:
Harbottle-Quirós, F. (2013, Jul-Dec). Psicología forense y responsabilidad penal en Costa Rica. Revista Costarricense de Psicología, 32(2), 89-107. Retrieved from http://www.revistacostarricensedepsicologia.com/articulos/vol32-2/1-RCP-Vol.32-No2.pdf

A published dissertation or thesis:
Author, A. (year). Title of doctoral dissertation or master´s thesis (doctoral dissertation or master´s thesis, e.g., in Psychology). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or Order N.º)

Tapia, N. (2000). La construction de l’identité personnelle dans le développement socio-moral et le discours religieux. Étude auprès d’adolescents du Costa Rica (Thèse de doctorat en sciences psychologiques, Université Catholique de Louvain á Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique). Retrieved from http://www.ucl.be/317807.html

An unpublished dissertation or thesis:
Author, A. (year). Title of doctoral dissertation or master´s thesis (Unpublished doctoral dissertation or master´s thesis, e.g., in Psychology). Name of institution, City, Country.

Rodríguez Terán, M. (2013). Los perros como catalizadores de capital social, salud y vida activa: Estudio en la comunidad cercana al parque para perros de Freses de Curridabat (Unpublished thesis in Psychology). Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.

To cite an article of a newspaper:
Author-Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the Article. Newspaper. Pages. If it is open access, put: Retrieved from http:linkSchwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
To cite an article of a newspaper:
Author-Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the Article. Newspaper. Pages. If it is open access, put: Retrieved from http:linkSchwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.

Americans with Disability Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-336, § 2, 104 Stat. 328 (1991)

Poder Judicial de Costa Rica (1994). Supreme Court of Justice, Sala Tercera, Sentence 368-F-94. Retrieved from http://www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salatercera/index.php/sentencias

Ley de paternidad responsable (2001). Legislative Assembly of the Costa Rican Republic, Law No. 8101 (2001, April 16). Published in La Gaceta No. 81 (2001, April 27).