ISSN 0257-1439 / ISSNe 1659-2913
ยฉ2023 Colegio de Profesionales en Psicologรญa de Costa Rica
http://www.rcps-cr.org
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v42i02.04
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž€๏Žง๏บ
Jul-Dic 2023, Vol. 42, N.ยบ 2, p. 225-240
Patrones de procesamiento sensorial de adultos con di๎šฟcultades de
aprendizaje autorreferidas
Sensory processing patterns of adults with self-reported learning disabilities
Resumen
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™น๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜š๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹p = .038, d =
๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Palabras clave๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
neurolรณgico.
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–
Universidad de la Frontera, Chile
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™•๎™๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™พ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎˜ฑ๎˜ถ๎™’๎˜ฏ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
de Magallanes, Chile.
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™พ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎˜ฑ๎˜ถ๎™’๎˜ฏ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™„๎™•๎™๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ฃ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™†๎™
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏Ž†๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž€๎˜๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž€๏Žฆ๏บ
2023, Vol. 42, N.ยบ 2
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–
226
Abstract
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎˜ง๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜š๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹p = .038,
d๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜‘
Keywords๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Leavett et al., 2014๎˜ž๎˜ƒReis et al., 2020๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎›€๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹2016๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™ด๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎™ด๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™•๎™„๎™พ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฉ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎›€๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Law et al., 2014๎˜ž๎˜ƒOlofsson et al., 2015๎˜ž๎˜ƒParrila et al., 2007๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒReis et al., 2020๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Procesamiento sensorial en adultos con problemas de aprendizaje
ยฉ2023 Colegio de Profesionales en Psicologรญa de Costa Rica
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๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ด๎™๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Menashe, 2021๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹2020๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜๎˜ต๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒMiller et al., 2009๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒLittle et al., 2018๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒPanagiotidi et al., 2018๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™ธ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™š๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™•๎™๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜š๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜š๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ผ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
et al., 2016๎˜ž๎˜ƒLittle et al., 2016๎˜ž๎˜ƒLowe et al., 2016๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ต๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Dunn, 1997a๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ค๎˜
๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜š๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏Ž†๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž€๎˜๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž€๏Žฆ๏บ
2023, Vol. 42, N.ยบ 2
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–
228
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”
Descripciรณn de Patrones Sensoriales
Patron sensorial Caracteristicas ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™„
๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™• ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
autorregulaciรณn pasivas.
๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ด๎™๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
lento a estos.
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฉ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™• ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
autorregulaciรณn activas.
๎˜ฅ๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
de pelo.
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™• ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
autorregulaciรณn activas.
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
autorregulaciรณn pasiva.
๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
sensorial.
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฉ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
inesperados.
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
Nota. ๎˜จ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šข๎™†๎™˜๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ข๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Mรฉtodo
Diseรฑo y tipo de estudio
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
se invitรณ a participar a adultos a travรฉs de listado de estudiantes voluntarios de una universidad del Reino
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒonline๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ
Procesamiento sensorial en adultos con problemas de aprendizaje
ยฉ2023 Colegio de Profesionales en Psicologรญa de Costa Rica
http://www.rcps-cr.org
229
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Participantes
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ด๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
M = 26.59, DT๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Variables y su operacionalizaciรณn
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Leavett et al., 2014๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™พ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹2002๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™น๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
Instrumentos
Cuestionario datos demogrรก๎šฟcos๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹2014๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹2012๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Cuestionario de Procesamiento Sensorial de Adultos๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜๎˜•๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜๎˜”๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎˜ฐ๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜”๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜•๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜™๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏Ž†๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž€๎˜๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž€๏Žฆ๏บ
2023, Vol. 42, N.ยบ 2
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–
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Consideraciones รฉticas
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒThe University of She๎ฟฝeld, UK. Los
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜‘
Procedimiento
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Anรกlisis de datos
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹p๎˜ƒ๎˜ก๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹p๎˜ƒ๎˜ก๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Resultados
Presencia de di๎šฟcultades de aprendizaje
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒn๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒn๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
en la universitaria.
Cuestionario de per๎šฟl sensorial: descripciรณn de categorรญas
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Procesamiento sensorial en adultos con problemas de aprendizaje
ยฉ2023 Colegio de Profesionales en Psicologรญa de Costa Rica
http://www.rcps-cr.org
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๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฐ๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ ค2๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎ ค2๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒp๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎ ค2๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
p๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜–๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
Cuestionario de per๎šฟl sensorial: comparaciรณn de medias entre grupos
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜Œ = 4.656,
DEA Tรญpico
Patrones sensoriales
Porcentaje participantes en cada grupo
Categorรญa
Mucho mรกs que
Mรกs que
Justo como
Menos que
Mucho menos que
Figura 1
Porcentaje de participantes en cada categorรญa segรบn los cuatro patrones sensoriales del Modelo de
Dunn
Nota๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏Ž†๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž€๎˜๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž€๏Žฆ๏บ
2023, Vol. 42, N.ยบ 2
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–
232
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•
รndices de bondad de ajuste para el Modelo General de Satisfacciรณn Laboral
Patrรณn
sensorial
๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™– Welch ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ
efecto
M(DT) M(DT) M(DT) p d
๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™• ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜™๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜Œ ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜‹๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜Œ ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜Œ .038* .509
๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™• ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜™๎˜‹๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜—๎˜‹๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜›๎˜Œ ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜Œ .708 .085
๎˜จ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™• ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜™๎˜Œ ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜Œ ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜Œ .394 .005
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’ ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜•๎˜‹๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜Œ ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜Œ .981 .204
Nota๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™ด๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
*p๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡
p = .038, d ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹p๎˜ƒ๎˜ก๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
Discusiรณn
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฐ๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Per๎šฟl sensorial de adultos con y sin problemas de aprendizaje
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜š๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ
Procesamiento sensorial en adultos con problemas de aprendizaje
ยฉ2023 Colegio de Profesionales en Psicologรญa de Costa Rica
http://www.rcps-cr.org
233
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™•๎™๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Cavalli et al., 2017๎˜ž๎˜ƒ Parrila et al., 2007๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎›€๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹1991๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Olofsson et al., 2015๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
Cavalli et al., 2017๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ฎ๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ž๎˜ƒOlofsson et al., 2015๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šข๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฐ๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Dunn, 1997a๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ฎ๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ž๎˜ƒOlofsson et al., 2015๎˜ž๎˜ƒParrila et al., 2007๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜š๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™•๎™๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ด๎™๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏Ž†๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž€๎˜๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž€๏Žฆ๏บ
2023, Vol. 42, N.ยบ 2
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–
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๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฉ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ด๎™๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Olofsson et al., 2015๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™น๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
et al., 2022๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ผ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ผ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ
Dunn, 2011๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ด๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Deacon et al., 2012๎˜ž๎˜ƒParrila
et al., 2007๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Nergรฅrd-Nilssen
๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
2018๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ด๎™๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ด๎™๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
desarrollo cognitivo, en particular para la lectoescritura.
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
Procesamiento sensorial en adultos con problemas de aprendizaje
ยฉ2023 Colegio de Profesionales en Psicologรญa de Costa Rica
http://www.rcps-cr.org
235
๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
Contribuciรณn de autoras
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
Financiamiento
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ผ๎˜ท๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜”๎˜›๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜‘
Referencias
๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜’๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜“๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜—๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜—๎˜—๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜–
๎˜ค๎™•๎™„๎™พ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Scienti๎šฟc Studies of Reading, 23๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2019.1572758
๎˜ค๎™•๎™๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒI-Perception, 11๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.1177/2041669520951816
๎˜ค๎™œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒSensory integration and learning disorders๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒReading and Writing, 26๎˜‹๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-013-9428-5
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™๎™„๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ https://doi.
org/10.1177/002221940103400407
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Neuropsychologia, 147๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜š
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™‹๎™„๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒLanguage, Cognition and Neuroscience, 31๎˜‹๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.1
080/23273798.2016.1211301
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™†๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒFrontiers in Human Neuroscience,
12๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜’๎™‰๎™‘๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜•
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒAdolescent adult sensory pro๎šฟle. Pearson.
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎šฒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ข๎˜ƒ Annals of Dyslexia, 67๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜›๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎™œ
๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏Ž†๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž€๎˜๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž€๏Žฆ๏บ
2023, Vol. 42, N.ยบ 2
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–
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๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒResearch in Developmental Disabilities, 30๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜›๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ข๎˜ƒAnnals of Dyslexia, 62๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-012-0068-2
D๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™‹๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™‹๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‡๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šซ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ซ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒEuropean Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, 30๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01516-5
๎˜ง๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒJournal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early
Intervention, 1๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.1080/19411240802312798
๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜š๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒOccupation therapy: Enabling function and well-being๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•a ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜–๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜š๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Infants and Young Children, 9๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ https://doi.
org/10.1097/00001163-199704000-00005
๎˜จ๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™›๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™ˆ๏ถ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒAnnals of Dyslexia, 71๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
84-102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-021-00223-3
๎˜จ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ฌ๎™•๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Ž๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎šฒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒDyslexia, 25๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜’๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜˜
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ผ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™›๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜‘ British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.4276/0308022
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ป๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—๎˜™๎˜š๎˜–๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜—๎˜“๎˜š
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ผ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒPsychiatry Research, 236, 112-118. ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™“๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 0123456789. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10803-020-04648-4
๎˜ช๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒArchives of Rehabilitation, 18๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.21859/
๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜–๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—
๎˜ช๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ถ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒRevista Chilena de
Terapia Ocupacional, 001๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜“๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘
Procesamiento sensorial en adultos con problemas de aprendizaje
ยฉ2023 Colegio de Profesionales en Psicologรญa de Costa Rica
http://www.rcps-cr.org
237
๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜๎˜ต๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒDyslexia๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99386
๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒTrends in
Cognitive Sciences, 21๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜—๎˜๎˜—๎˜—๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,
8๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎˜ธ๎˜ฏ๎˜ผ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜’๎™‰๎™‘๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜›๎˜•
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™–๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Dyslexia, 20๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜’๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜›๎˜”
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎›€๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Annals of Dyslexia, 41, 143-162. https://doi.org/http://๎™‡๎™›๎˜‘๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ฅ๎˜ฉ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™๎˜—๎˜›๎˜“๎˜›๎˜–
๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‰๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
population. Child: Care, Health and Development, 43๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜›๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12391
๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒPhysical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 38๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
243-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/01942638.2017.1390809
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒJournal
of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 42๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.1037/
xhp0000131
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Annals of Dyslexia, 72๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-022-00266-0
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒDyslexia, 27๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜’๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜š๎˜—
๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
disorder: a call for translational research. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 3๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ https://doi.
org/10.3389/neuro.07.022.2009
๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™ธ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Tesis Psicolรณgica, 16๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.37511/tesis.v16n2a2
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ฎ๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
cognitive correlates. Dyslexia, 20๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜’๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜š๎˜š
๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™š๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 13, 112. https://doi.org/doi๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜’๎™‰๎™‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜•
๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏Ž†๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž€๎˜๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž€๏Žฆ๏บ
2023, Vol. 42, N.ยบ 2
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–
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๎˜ฒ๎™๎™’๎™‰๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฃ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‹๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒDyslexia,
21, 338-349. ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜’๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜š
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒThe Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 36๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜’๎™„๎™๎™’๎™—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜“
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๏ต๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ซ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Comprehensive Psychiatry, 80, 179-185. ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™“๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™†๎›•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1426๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎™‘๎™œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜–๎˜—
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ข๎˜ƒ Exceptionality Education International, 17๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ https://doi.
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜”๎˜’๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜“
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™œ๎™๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎™‡๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒResearch in Developmental Disabilities, 128, 104288. https://
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜•๎˜›๎˜›
๎˜ต๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒNeuropsychologia, 139๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜›
๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™Ž๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒDyslexia, 26๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜’๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜—๎˜”
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™„๎™พ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒAnnals of Dyslexia, 70๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://
doi.org/10.1007/s11881-020-00205-x
๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
Dyslexia at university: Theoretical insights and practical solutions๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎œŠ๎™†๎™Œ๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒResearch in Developmental Disabilities, 53-54, 323-341. https://doi.
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”
๎˜ถ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™–๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒDyslexia, 18๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜’๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜•
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™๎™’๎™…๎™๎™’๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™ˆ๏ถ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ British Journal of Special Education, 45๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜—๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ https://doi.
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๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Journal of Learning Disabilities, 21๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒhttps://doi.org/10.1177/002221948802101003
Procesamiento sensorial en adultos con problemas de aprendizaje
ยฉ2023 Colegio de Profesionales en Psicologรญa de Costa Rica
http://www.rcps-cr.org
239
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒNeuropsychologia,
130, 66-77. ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‹๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒHandbook of learning disabilities๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
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๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™›๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™Œ๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒOccupational Therapy International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9165978
๎˜ท๎™„๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒLogopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 38๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜
78. https://doi.org/10.3109/14015439.2012.687760
๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒReading and Writing, 9๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜–๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎™
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–
๎˜ค๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–
๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏Ž†๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž€๎˜๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž€๏Žฆ๏บ
2023, Vol. 42, N.ยบ 2
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–
240
Sobre las autoras:
Stephanie Armstrong-Gallegos๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Š๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๏ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™พ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎˜ฑ๎˜ถ๎™’๎˜ฏ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
Psicologรญa.
Marรญa Josรฉ Sandoval Muรฑoz๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Š๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–