La 2-heptanona produce cambios sensorio-emocionales, dependiendo del tiempo de exposición
Ana G. Gutiérrez-García, Carlos M. Contreras & Remedios Mendoza-López
Universidad Veracruzana, México
Resumen:
La 2-heptanona es una feromona de alarma detectable en algunos fluidos humanos, pero se desconoce su papel en la comunicación química. En la primer parte del estudio, 24 mujeres jóvenes y sanas, proveyeron una primera muestra de orina alrededor del día de ovulación y una segunda 12 días más tarde. Como criterio de exclusión, se descartaron mujeres con ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo, Spielberger), trastornos del estado de ánimo (Cuestionario de diagnóstico clínico de depresión) y trastorno disfórico premenstrual (basado en los síntomas diarios de informe). La cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas indicó que el contenido urinario de 2-heptanona aumentó aproximadamente al doble antes de la menstruación en comparación con los días cercanos a la ovulación. En la segunda parte del estudio, otros 141 voluntarios (femeninos y masculinos) inhalaron esta cetona y con ello se determinó que con el tiempo más prolongado (180 s) de exposición por olfateo a la 2-heptanona disminuyó la aceptación para olerla nuevamente, en comparación con los tiempos más cortos de olfateo (5 y 60 s). Lo anterior se evidenció mediante las respuestas a un cuestionario simple. No hubo diferencias significativas por género. El aumento de la concentración urinaria de 2-heptanona, durante el día antes de la menstruación, se consideraría como parte de los cambios funcionales premenstruales y el hecho de oler esta cetona produciría cambios sensorial-emocionales dependiendo del tiempo de exposición, cuyo significado requiere mayor estudio.
Palabras clave: 2-heptanona, quimioseñales, ciclo menstrual, feromonas, sistema olfatorio
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