Carlos Enrique Zerpa
Universidad Simón Bolívar, Venezuela
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue explicar la efectividad de los tratamientos psicoterapéuticos en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal a través de una revisión exploratoria de la literatura seleccionada (2016-2022). Se incluyeron diecinueve (19) estudios que comprenden intervenciones con psicoterapia cognitivo conductual, psicoterapia de aceptación y compromiso y mindfulness, mostrando datos de N = 2506 personas diagnosticadas con EII, participantes adultos, adolescentes y niños, de diferentes programas terapéuticos presenciales y a distancia. Los resultados muestran una disparidad de hallazgos y no son definitivos. La intervención que tiene mayor potencial terapéutico comprobable, dada una mejor sistematización de los procedimientos metodológicos utilizados, es la psicoterapia cognitivo conductual. Futuras investigaciones sobre intervenciones psicológicas en EII deben enfocarse en el uso de grupos de prueba de control y experimentales, con asignación aleatoria de participantes y el cumplimiento de parámetros que garanticen la comparación entre grupos y la replicabilidad de los estudios, incluido el diseño de una versión más estandarizada de los procedimientos de intervención.
Palabras clave: enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, psicoterapia cognitivo-conductual, atención plena, psicoterapia de aceptación y compromiso.
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