Propuesta de un modelo empírico de mentalización con propósitos clínicos y de investigación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v44i02.12Palabras clave:
mentalización, mentalización cognitiva, mentalización emocional, análisis factorial, psicología clínicaResumen
La mentalización es un constructo psicológico que ha suscitado un interés creciente en los últimos años. Diversos investigadores han subrayado su naturaleza multidimensional y compleja, sugiriendo que engloba varias polaridades interrelacionadas integradas dentro de un marco unificador más amplio. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la estructura factorial subyacente de las principales medidas de mentalización, con el propósito de proponer un modelo integral y empíricamente fundamentado, aplicable tanto en contextos clínicos como de investigación. Asimismo, se aportaron datos normativos (percentiles) para cada una de las medidas individuales, así como para los factores extraídos. Un total de 1.190 adultos españoles de la población general (M edad = 34,38; 68,2 % mujeres) completaron una encuesta online que incluía el Interpersonal Reactivity Index, la Toronto Alexithymia Scale, el Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test y la Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios de estos instrumentos respaldaron una solución bifactorial, denominada Mentalización Cognitiva y Mentalización Emocional. Además, ambas dimensiones contribuyeron significativamente a un factor global de orden superior, denominado Mentalización. En conjunto, se observaron correlaciones negativas de pequeña magnitud con la edad, y las mujeres obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas que los hombres.Citas
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