De la neuroplasticidad a las propuestas aplicadas: estimulación temprana y su implementación en Costa Rica / From Neuroplasticity to Applied Proposals: Early Stimulation and Its Implementation in Costa Rica

Authors

  • Johanna Sibaja-Molina Universidad de Costa Rica
  • Tracy Sánchez-Pacheco Universidad de Costa Rica
  • Mijail Rojas-Carvajal Universidad de Costa Rica
  • Jaime Fornaguera-Trías Universidad de Costa Rica

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v35i02.06

Keywords:

Estimulación temprana, plasticidad, neurodesarrollo, Doman-Delacato, Snoezelen®, Método Point, Bebé Políglota, Early stimulation, plasticity, neurodevelopment, Point method, Polyglot world

Abstract

EspañolLa discusión en torno a la influencia del ambiente sobre la ontogenia ha alimentado la interrogante sobre cuál es el grado en el que, a través de la manipulación del contexto, se modifican las características de los individuos. Actualmente, la evidencia científica desde distintos campos (e.g., Psicología del desarrollo, Neurociencias) describe cómo el ambiente es capaz de modular los procesos del desarrollo y las distintas capacidades del cerebro, así como los mecanismos plásticos que subyacen a dicha modulación. Con base en esta evidencia, distintas aproximaciones metodológicas orientadas a la estimulación temprana (ET) se han propuesto potenciar el desarrollo o remediar problemas que se presentan durante las etapas tempranas del ciclo vital. En este contexto, se brinda una revisión del tema y se ofrece un marco teórico general sobre los antecedentes y sobre los principios que sustentan la estimulación del sistema nervioso (i.e., plasticidad cerebral). Además, a través de una aproximación empírica y un proceso de revisión bibliográfica, se presenta la evidencia disponible de algunos de los métodos de mayor conocimiento/uso en Costa Rica (i.e., Doman Delacato, Snoezelen®, Point y Bebé Políglota). Al recapitular los alcances y las limitaciones de la ET, se concluye que es necesario sistematizar las experiencias profesionales de forma tal que permitan abrir un debate académico sobre el tema.  EnglishThe discussion about environmental influence on ontogeny has fueled the question about how much context manipulation can regulate individuals’ characteristics. Today, scientific evidence from different fields (e.g., developmental psychology, neuroscience) describes not only how environment can modulate brain development and function, but also the plastic mechanisms involved. In consequence, different methodological approximations of early stimulation (ES) have arisen, although they are not necessarily based on solid empirical evidence. In this context, a brief approximation to the ES background is provided, as well as a general framework about brain plasticity. In addition, the theoretical and practical perspective of the ES practitioners is also described by detailing the empirical evidence around its most known/used variants in Costa Rica (i.e., Doman-Delacato, Snoezelen®, Point and Bebé políglota). Finally, bringing up the scope and limitations of ES, we conclude that the professional experiences need to be systematized, in order to open an academic debate on the subject.

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Published

2016-12-16

How to Cite

Sibaja-Molina, J., Sánchez-Pacheco, T., Rojas-Carvajal, M., & Fornaguera-Trías, J. (2016). De la neuroplasticidad a las propuestas aplicadas: estimulación temprana y su implementación en Costa Rica / From Neuroplasticity to Applied Proposals: Early Stimulation and Its Implementation in Costa Rica. Costa Rican Journal of Psychology, 35(2), 159–177. https://doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v35i02.06