The Role of the Early Warning System in Risk Perception and Coping Strategies in the Context of Wildfires

Abstract

Forest fires are a global threat that has increased in frequency and Wildfires represent an increasing threat whose frequency and severity demand strengthening prevention mechanisms, communication processes, and community-based risk management. This study analyzes the role of the Early Warning System (EWS) in shaping risk perception and coping strategies in the face of wildfires. From an environmental-community psychology approach, a qualitative methodology with an empirical phenomenological design was applied through semi-structured interviews with 14 participants selected using maximum variation sampling in Ñuble, Chile. The findings indicate that direct experience with wildfires increases risk perception and promotes preventive behaviors, whereas indirect exposure is associated with lower engagement and institutional distrust. Risk communication occurs mainly through social networks and informal channels, which facilitate rapid information exchange but also contribute to misinformation and emotional saturation. Furthermore, participants showed limited knowledge of the EWS functioning, affecting its legitimacy and effectiveness. The results suggest that the effectiveness of the EWS depends on its integration into community communication, trust, and cooperation processes. Strengthening preventive education and social participation emerges as a key condition to enhance preparedness and reduce vulnerability to future wildfires.